标签归档:交易

交易员读林彪:怎样当好一名交易者(2)

第二是要摸清市场的意图。

准确的说,市场是没有意图的。摸清市场的意图,就是要把自己准确的嵌入市场中。

市场的核心问题,一是级别,二是节奏。

级别是第一问题。

首先是定位。要用一个适合自己时间感知的级别去把握市场。做日内看分时图,就不要管周线;做基本面大盘子看日线,就不要管 3 分钟图。找到自己的分析级别,向上一个级别定方向,向下一个级别找买卖点位,三个级别联立起来看就够了。多了不要看,看了容易乱。

其次是方向。方向问题包含两个层次,一是“有,还是没有方向”,二是“向上还是向下”。很多交易者亏损,不是亏在第二个问题,而是亏在第一个问题了。真正的逆势交易错误并不常见,把横盘当作趋势反复扫止损出现的次数会更多一些,也就是俗称的“没机会乱作”。把第一个问题解决好,没有机会不乱动,可以避免很多亏损。在存在方向的时候,依照高一个级别顺势操作,一般不会有大的亏损。

节奏是第二问题。

一定要明确,按照什么级别确定方向,按照什么级别分析走势,按照什么级别寻找买卖点。这三件事情不能弄混。否则,看大做小这一类的问题就无法杜绝。更突出的问题是,不能分析清楚节奏,就没有办法确定什么是策略内可以容忍的波动,什么是应该做出处理的波动。波动分两种,正常与否的划分标准,要以节奏为准。级别是节奏的基础,节奏是操作的前提。

明确了级别,把握住了节奏,才能发挥自己的主观能动性。级别和节奏没有吃透,主观能动性越强,风险暴露越多,账户资金面对的波动振幅越大。由于盈亏是不确定的,振幅大了,风险一定是更高的。

通过把握级别和节奏,摸清了市场的意图,才能真正随机应变,灵活应对市场的变化。更重要的是,才能在波动中树立勇气。很多交易者片面强调“交易系统”的重要性,却忽视了摸清市场意图才是参与市场的前提。用 108 课的表达,就是没有把“能搞”和“不能搞”划分清楚,参与了不该参与的行情,自然也就没有完美的系统,也就总是要去控制回撤了。没有完全分类的控制回撤是没有意义的。这一点,目前的量化策略研究的还不够深入,人脑还有广阔的空间。

军人的勇敢不在于勇于孤军奋战,而体现于顽强坚定的歼敌决心。同样的,交易者的勇敢不是体现于承担浮亏,而是在于敢于盈利。敢于盈利,而回避风险,这一组不对称的结构,要建立在把自己嵌入到市场之后。军人勇敢之上的大勇,要建立在“革命的最高自觉性”和“正确理解上级意图”之上,交易者的大勇,则是要建立在正确处理自己和市场的关系之上,建立在正确看待这个世界之上。这也是人之为人,最根本的几个命题之一了。

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本文链接地址: https://kangjian.net/blog/1808/

交易员读林彪:怎样当好一名交易者(1)

第一是要勤快。

不勤快的人办不好事情,做不好交易。交易是天下覆盖产业链环节最多的岗位。交易一行没有产业分工,所有的事情都要亲自动手,亲自过问。

该看的数据一定要看,该研究的表格一定要研究,该做的功课一定要做,该写下来的一定要写。片刻也马虎不得。除非阶段性空仓,否则,交易中每时每刻都是枪林弹雨,稍有懈怠,就会带来损失。

懈怠的最大危害是侥幸心理。

一次偷懒,没有产生严重后果,则一定还有下一次偷懒;一次偷懒,产生了严重后果,下次就会长记性——但这种不确定的反馈,本身就会激发人的侥幸心理,让人产生机会主义的倾向。

交易工作天然要严防机会主义。交易要把握的是概率优势,机会主义是概率优势的天敌。

如何做一名勤快的交易者?要牢牢把握“内”和“外”两种勤快。

  • 所谓“向内的勤快”,要收敛。每个交易者都有自己的一套方法。这方法必定内含周期性的流程和环节。这些周期性的工作,要在极度收敛的状态下迅速执行。再好的大厨,再是开发创意菜、私家菜,洗菜备料也不能分心,也是处于收敛的执行状态。交易也是一样,例行的、固定的、周期性的工作,要尽可能压缩压缩再压缩,要形成可执行的SOP,要在极度收敛的状态下迅速完成。坚决地、毫不犹豫地执行规定动作,这就是“向内的勤快”。
  • 所谓“向外的勤快”,要发散。交易中总会有稀奇古怪、天马行空的闪念,而每个交易者的赚钱工具箱,也与这些闪念紧密相连。畅销书中的方法是赚不到钱的,交易者的利润来自于独到的理解和私家的方法。这些思路,都是来自于闪念。人的大脑有无数的神经节,思考和写作的过程实际是对神经系统的调参,而闪念则是调参过程中产生的参数高原。这些参数高原,一旦产生,就要迅速记录并验证、执行。否则,闪念就真的成了“一闪而过的念头”,而交易者也拿不到来自于自己大脑的礼物。果断地,立竿见影地记录、验证灵光一闪,这就是“向外的勤快”。

这两个“勤快”与一般日常生活中“干家务”式的勤快略有不同,是一种相对高维的自我约束。做到这两个“勤快”,对人的意志要求非常高。必要时,生活中要额外加入些必要的环节来维持对“勤快系统”的能量输入。这些环节可以是跑步,也可以是冥想或读书。总之,这两个“勤快”很难时时保持,每个交易者都要自勉。

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止损要有意义

这个月21日,单笔交易盈亏比创了新高,1份风险敞口,27.8倍的回报。有运气的因素,回顾计划到执行,也确实是一次自我的提升。这次交易之前,对交易系统的调整持续大概三个月,改变主要在止损策略。

要感谢我的师父,一年多之前和我说了六个字:

“止损要有意义。”

六个字,一年多,潜移默化,润物无声。

整理一下自己对这六个字的理解。

第一,开仓入场要有意义。

无论挂单止损还是主观止损,一个止损设置下去了,必然意味着一次入场。老子曾说:“兵者,不祥之器……不得已而用之”。交易也是一样,一次开仓入场,意味着一次风险暴露。不一定盈利,不一定亏损,但风险敞口一定暴露。止损只是给风险加一个限额,风险依然是风险。所以,要让止损有意义,前提是入场必须有意义。

按照 Jason Williams 的说法,“大多数做交易的人其实都不是为了盈利。他们认为做交易是为了盈利,但实际上更多的是与其他东西有关。”交易者需要持续克服频繁交易的倾向。入场无意义,则止损无意义。瞄准了打,每一颗子弹消灭一个敌人。

如何衡量入场是否有意义呢?

要看是否符合自己的交易系统。以钓鱼为例,什么时候抬起鱼竿呢?鱼漂动了,手上也有反映了。每一个钓者都在等待这个时刻,没有这些反应,鱼竿就要一动不动。交易也是一样,只有符合交易系统的信号出现,才能抬起鱼竿,下单入场。这是第一步,是最基本的要求。至于交易系统的信号是否过于频繁,是否可以优化和省略,那是后面的事情。

总之,止损要有意义的第一步,是入场要有意义。

第二,止损点位要有意义。

设置止损点,我们有时会选择某一级别K线的关键价位,有时会选择均线、趋势线,有时会选择某一指标的某一值作为触发止损的扳机点。粗看来,只要止损点是明确的,止损的背后都是有理由的。

止损的理由不等于止损的意义。

很多时候,有理由的止损点是没有意义的。这里要明晰一个概念,什么叫止损的意义?止损的目的是,在市场的运行与我们的预期不一致的时候,及时地脱离市场,结束风险暴露的状态。有了这个目的,止损的意义就是是否有助于目的的实现,也即——是否不会迟钝,也不会过敏。

有时,止损设置会迟钝。市场的走势已经告诉交易者,最初的理由不在了,最初的考虑不对了,但止损迟迟没有触发。在刚刚做到坚决执行交易系统的交易者中,这种情况很常见。“忍住,再等等”是这时心底最常出现的声音。可实际上,这时候的入场依据已经被证伪了。

还有时候,止损设置会过敏。在某些波动较大的时段,过小的止损(常常体现为小级别的K线高低点、短期均线等)会被扫掉,头寸没了,价格继续按照预定方向运行。这时尽管交易者可以告诉自己,“止损错了也是对的”,但毕竟“方向”判断对了,“方向”的波动幅度没有判断对,依然不能算理想。

止损的标准在迟钝与过敏两端游走,对交易者的伤害很大。意志不够刚硬的交易者,会在“忍住,再等等”和“错了也是对的”之间反复徘徊,最终,坚持的变成了随意的,自信的变成了怯懦的,这种波动最终会毁掉一个交易者。

坚持得太过辛苦,有时是方法错了止损要有意义,第二步,点位选择一定要有意义。

第三,止损幅度要有意义。

幅度和点位不同,点位的价值在于定性分析的对与错,幅度的价值在于定量分析的值不值。简单说,止损的幅度决定了盈亏比。

一波行情,在职业的交易者看来,要么有个大致的考量(与一二三的目标位有关),要么完全不设预期,趋势跟踪。无论哪种路子,止损幅度都与盈亏比成反比

盈亏比又与胜率的最低要求成反比

因此,止损幅度与胜率的最低要求成正比

——止损越小,命中率越不重要。止损越大,胜率要求就越高

以趋势跟踪策略为例。趋势跟踪策略的常见胜率是30%-50%。一般认为,超过50%的胜率,要么是过度优化,要么是短期数据不足以长期证明。而低于30%的胜率,又难以通过合理的盈亏比保证盈利。众所周知,趋势交易者不宜过度过滤入场信号,得不偿失。这时,入场时的止损幅度就很重要。如果能够成功的降低止损的幅度,往往意味着同样的风险暴露金额,可以建仓更大的头寸。事实上,这条路径确实是趋势交易者提高交易绩效的常用方法。

千人千面,水无常形。止损的幅度没有一定之规,没有最优方案。大的原则基本可以明确,止损不宜过大,过大的止损伤害盈亏比,提高了对胜率的要求。

第四,移动止损要有意义。

持仓出现浮盈,是持仓中的高光时刻。浮盈后如何移动初始止损,是持仓中的重要课题。

持仓中移动止损要解决好两个关键问题。

  • 第一是盈亏平衡问题,是否要在特定条件满足后移动止损位置到盈亏平衡点?如果是,什么时候移动?如果不是,为什么不移动?
  • 第二是跟踪止盈问题,是否随着行情发展,动态确保最低盈利(即使主动止盈)?如果是,什么时候移动?如果不是,为什么不移动?

是否做保本处理,是否跟踪止盈(顺向移动止损线),其结论并没有标准答案。但考虑这个问题则是交易者的必修课。做出何种策略,主要与几个因素有关:

  • 与交易系统的设计思路有关。如果是单纯追求大盈亏比的策略,例如A股“缺口不补”策略、原生“海龟”策略等,这方面的要求可能会松一点。如果是日内短线炒单策略,这方面的要求可定要很严格。
  • 与资金偏好要求有关。自有资金,承受波动足够大,无所谓,要求会宽一些。外部资金,净值公开,这方面的约束自然要严格一些。
  • 与交易者的自身特质有关。每个交易者都有自己的特质,是否动态调整止损要结合交易者的特质考虑。每个交易者要结合自己的性格特质选择符合自己的策略。

总结一下。

上面的四点里面:

  • 开仓入场有意义,防止过度交易、冲动交易。
  • 止损点位有意义,真正把止损变成必要的成本,而非单纯“停止损失”。
  • 止损幅度有意义,提升盈亏比,降低命中率的要求。
  • 移动止损有意义,防止不必要的亏损出现,及时锁定既得利润。

四点处理得好一些,更好一些,交易的绩效一定会有所提升。

EOF.

还有三篇关于止损的文章:

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关于“量、价、时、空”的一点思考

“量、价、时、空”是交易中最基础的四个要素。

以这四个要素作为框架,很多常见的交易要素可以各归其位。如:

    • 放量、缩量、无量
    • 均量
    • 力度指数
    • Price Action理论
    • 均线
    • 支撑阻力位
    • MACD、RSI、KDJ
    • BOLL、通道理论
    • “横有多长,竖有多高”
    • 缠论
    • 均线
    • 波浪理论
    • 盈亏比
    • 支撑阻力位
    • 缠论
    • 波浪理论

以上的划分并不周延,只是个大概的归类。从这个归类中,可以大致看出单个模型的局限所在。比如:

  • MACD、RSI、KDJ、BOLL等指标及其“共振”——这些指标关注的点各自不同,但核心都是一个:价格。用价格形成指标,进而互相验证,难免循环论证。这也是 Price Action 理论强调少用指标的逻辑基础。
  • 均线理论——以价格的均值为基础,考虑了时间因素。均线理论缺乏成交量、空间的因素,因而一般要结合“放量、缩量”操作,同时常用趋势跟踪技术主动弱化空间因素的权重。
  • Price Action——以价格形态为核心,“读取”、“倾听”市场的声音。PA理论大量应用于外汇市场,常常没有准确的“量”的因素。同时, Price Action 理论往往对时空因素采取相对模糊的应用,时空要素往往需要主观判断(时空方面,国内交易员曾有“大象吃苹果”等精彩的主观判断方法)。
  • 缠论——缠论与 Price Action 的着力点恰恰是互补的关系。缠论的价格因素主要是以“分型、笔、线段”的形式呈现,对价格的小级别波动并不是十分关注。结合中枢、级别等理论、将时空因素纳入。
  • 波浪理论——重在时空关系,价格因素在波浪理论中类似缠论,应用得比较粗糙。考虑时空因素过于主观,“千人千浪”。

以上,可以看出,相对体系化的框架,如 Price Action、缠论、波浪理论,或多或少都要照顾到四个要素。而 MACD 等指标,由于在要素层级存在自身的局限,则很难构成交易系统的基础。均线理论应用于实战,往往不能简单的“金叉死叉”,要结合K线形态(Price Action,“价”)、和成交量的变化相互验证,提升绩效。即使如此,均线理论在时空因素的把握上往往也要采取趋势跟踪策略主动“放弃”。

“量、价、时、空”四者之间的有效结合、匹配,进而寻找共振,可以有效提高胜率。

对交易员来讲,有必要从这四个角度重新审视自己的交易系统,是否在某些方面存在缺陷。简单设计一个打分卡:

  • 量:明确?涉及?空白?
  • 价:明确?涉及?空白?
  • 时:明确?涉及?空白?
  • 空:明确?涉及?空白?

一个成熟稳定的交易系统,也许有这些关注点:

  • 四个要素中最好不要出现“空白”(外汇交易中的“量”除外);
  • 四个要素都是“明确”的时候,往往可以将交易系统程序化了;
  • 交易员的价值,恰恰在于对“涉及”这种状态的把握;
  • 四个要素全部是“涉及”,交易员往往会比较累,交易绩效对于身体、心理的状态要求也比较高;
  • 直觉上,有两个以上“明确”,一到两个“涉及”,似乎比较容易操作。

当然,千人千面,每个人都有自己舒服的状态,不能一概而论。交易的核心还是心态控制和资金管理,技术分析终究只是交易的皮毛,过分沉溺,难免皮相。

EOF

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价值投资中的回撤入场


(Image By ChartSecret.com)

Price Action 理论中,除了极少数的情况,入场基本都要在回撤的时候。所谓“顺大势,逆小势”、“突破回踩”,都是回撤入场。

对比一下 Elder 对基本面分析的解读:

当我认为未来某个事件会增加一只股票的价值,而目前价格又低于价值时,我才会考虑买入。在价值之下买入,在价值之上卖出并有清晰的逻辑,这样做才能让我在逆境时坚定信心。(《以交易为生2》,CH1)

这段话包含两个意思:

  1. 入场(做多)的主要原因是看涨。未来的价值会增加,所以现在准备做多。这是最基本的原因。
  2. 当前的价格要低于价值。把未来的走势遮住不看,现在的价格要低于现在的价值。这是第二个原因。

第一个比较好理解。未来看涨,任何一个价值投资者的基本范式都是这个。第二个比较容易被忽略。

目前价格又低于价值时,我才会考虑买入”。价格低于价值,即价格被低估。在 Elder 眼中看来,即使是价值投资,也要重视买点。当下的价格被低估的时候,才是价值投资者的买点。很多时候,“价值投资”亏钱,往往是方向看对了,入场点没找好。高估时入场,长时间被套。事后一看,其实大方向是对的。

——这就是价值投资的“回撤入场”:

  • 方向顺大势:价值在未来看涨
  • 入场逆小势:当下的价格被低估

当然,典型的回撤入场往往还要重视扳机点,没有扳机的枪不会响。基本面分析时,扳机点可能就是一个短期看衰时的利好新闻、一个回撤中的放量大阳线等等,这些都可以。价值投资毕竟周期更长,精度上的要求可以放松一些。

总结一下,价值投资回撤入场的关键:当下价值被低估。无低估,不做多。

EOF.

原创文章,转载请注明: 转载自风云居 | Less is more

本文链接地址: https://kangjian.net/blog/1722/

Al Brooks的78条交易指引

这78条提示,是Al Brooks三本书中反转篇的结尾。字字珠玑,照录如下。致敬Al Brooks。

  1. Reading these 570,000 words is like reading a detailed manual on how to do anything, such as playing golf or a violin. It takes a lot of hard work to turn the information into the ability to make a living as a trader, but it is impossible without understanding how markets work. Like being a professional golfer or violinist, no matter how good you get, you always want to be better, so the challenge and satisfaction last long after you become consistently profitable.

  2. Everything that you see is in a gray fog. Nothing is perfectly clear. Close is close enough. If something looks like a reliable pattern, it will likely trade like a reliable pattern.

  3. There is no easy set of reliable rules to make money as a trader, and everything is subjective. This is a zero-sum game with very smart players, so when an edge exists, it is small and fleeting. For a trader to make money, he has to be consistently better than half of the other traders out there (or more accurately, trade a positive trader’s equation more than half of the time). Since most of the competitors are profitable institutions, a trader has to be very good. However, edges appear constantly, and if you learn to spot them and understand how to trade them, you are in a position to make money.

  4. The edge can never get very large because institutions would take advantage of it as it was growing. A trade cannot have a high probability of making a big reward relative to the risk.

  5. Reading charts well is difficult, but it is only half of what you need to know to make money. You also need to learn to trade, which is just as difficult. Trading successfully always has been and will always continue to be hard to do, no matter what method you use. If there were an easy way to make money, everyone would do it and then there would be no trapped traders to drive the market to your target. Read a book that teaches you how to play the violin and then go out to see if the world will give you money to hear you play. Just because you understand how to do something does not mean that you can do it effectively, especially if it is difficult to do.

  6. A trader needs a mathematical advantage to make money. At every moment, there is always a mathematical edge for both a long and a short trade, but the edges are usually not clear. When they are relatively clear, they are fleeting and small. However, those are the times when traders need to place their trades.

  7. The ability to spot trades that have a positive trader’s equation is the key to success. That can mean buying above a bar on a stop, selling above a bar with a limit order, buying below a bar with a limit order, or selling below a bar on a stop.

  8. The single most important determination that a trader makes, and he makes this after the close of every bar, is whether there will be more buyers or sellers above and below the prior bar. This is particularly true with breakouts and failed breakouts, because the move that follows usually determines the always-in direction and therefore lasts for many points and is not just a scalp.

  9. Every time you buy above the high of the prior bar on a stop, someone else is shorting there with a limit order. When you sell one tick below the low of the prior bar, there is a strong bull who is taking the other side of your trade. Always remember that nothing is certain, and the edge is always small because there are smart people who believe the exact opposite of what you do.

  10. Every bar, even a strong trend bar, is a signal bar for both directions, and the market can begin a trend up or down on the next bar. Be open to all possibilities, including the exact opposite of what you expect, and when the surprise happens, don’t question or deny it. Just read it and trade it.

  11. Every time you look to enter a setup, make sure to consider what the market is telling you if instead it breaks out of the opposite end of the signal bar. Sometimes that buy setup that you see might in fact also be a great sell setup because it will trap longs who will cover below the low of the signal or entry bars.

  12. Understanding trend bars that create breakouts is one of the most important skills that a trader can acquire. Traders need to be able to assess whether a breakout is likely to succeed, or it will be met with profit taking and a pullback, or it will be followed by a reversal.

  13. Look for signs of strength and weakness and weigh them to determine if they give you an edge. If you see the market doing something, assess how strong the setup is. Did it fail to take an opportunity to do something strong? If so, the setup is weaker.

  14. Whenever you are positive that your setup is good, don’t take the trade. You are missing something. You don’t see what the person who is taking the other side of your trade is seeing, and that person is just as smart as you are. Be humble. If you are too confident, your arrogance will make you lose because you will be using unrealistically high probabilities in your evaluation of the trader’s equation.

  15. Much of life is not what it seems. In fact, the famous mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was not what he seemed to be and is better known as Lewis Carroll. We work in an Alice in Wonderland world where nothing is really as it seems. Up is not always up and down is not always down. Just look at most strong breakouts of trading ranges—they usually fail, and up is really the start of down and down is really just part of up. Also, 60 percent is 60 percent in only 90 percent of the cases and can be 90 percent sometimes and 10 percent at other times. If a good setup is 60 percent, how can you win 80 percent or more of the time? Well, in a pullback in a strong trend just above support, a setup might work 60 percent of the time, but if you can scale in as the market goes lower, especially if your subsequent entries are larger, you might find that you win in 80 percent or more of those 60 percent setups. Also, if you use a very wide stop and are willing to sit through a large drawdown for a couple of hours, that 60 percent chance of making two points before losing two points in the Emini might be a 90 percent chance of making four points before losing eight points. If you are flexible and comfortable with constantly changing probabilities and many probabilities coexisting, your chance of success is much greater.

  16. The single most important thing that you can do all day is talk yourself out of bad trades. For example, if it is a trading range day, don’t look to buy after a strong bull trend bar or a high 1 near the top of the range, and don’t look to short after a strong bear trend bar or low 1 near the bottom of the range.

  17. The market constantly exhibits inertia and tends to continue what it has just been doing. If it is in a trend, 80 percent of the attempts to reverse it will fail and lead to a flag and then a resumption of the trend. If it is in a trading range, 80 percent of the attempts to break out into a trend will fail.

  18. If ever you feel twisted inside because a pullback is going too far, you are likely mistakenly seeing a pullback when in fact the trend has reversed.

  19. If you think the market rationally should be going up, but instead it is offering you a strong sell setup, take it. Trade the trade that you have and not the one that you want or expect, because “the market can stay irrational much longer than you can stay solvent” (a quote attributed to John Maynard Keynes).

  20. Price is truth. Never argue with what the market is telling you. For a day trader, fundamentals are almost entirely useless. The market will tell you where it is going and it cannot hide what it is doing. Neither you nor the experts on television can know how the market will react to the fundamentals, although those experts often speak with certainty. Since the market is rarely more than 60 percent certain of anything, whenever pundits speak with certainty, they are ignoring math and therefore the most basic characteristic of the market. If you follow someone who is indifferent to or ignorant of how markets work, you will lose money.

  21. Everything makes sense. If you know how to read price action, nothing will surprise you, because you will understand what the market is doing. Beginners can see it on a printout at the end of the day. The goal is to learn how to read fast enough so that you can understand what is happening in real time.

  22. “It’s not fair!” If that is how you are feeling, take a break from trading. You are absolutely right—it is not fair, but that is because it is all based on mathematics, and fairness is never one of the variables. If you are concerned about fairness, you are not synchronized with the market. Computer programs control all market activity, and they have no concept of fairness; they never get tired, they don’t remember what their last trade was, and they are relentlessly objective. Since they are making money, you need to try to emulate their qualities. They cannot hide what they are doing, and your job is to see what they are doing and then copy them. Yes, you will enter after their first entry, but they will continue to enter after you do, and they are the force that will drive the market far enough to give you your profit.

  23. Price action is based on human behavior and therefore has a genetic basis. This is why it works in all markets in all countries and on all time frames and it has always worked and always will inescapably reflect human behavior, at least until we evolve into a new species.

  24. Always have a protective stop in the market because it protects you from the greatest danger you will ever face as a trader. That danger is not the market, which could not care less whether you win or lose, never knows that you exist, and is never out to get you. It is yourself, and all of your inadequacies as a trader, including denial, arrogance, and a lack of discipline.

  25. Thinking is very difficult. Losers prefer instead to look with religious zeal for a savior who will protect them from losing money. Saviors can be confident, impressive experts with outstanding credentials on TV, famous writers of newsletters, chat room leaders, indicators, or any other external idol into which traders infuse the power to protect them and take them to the Promised Land. Instead, they will all slowly suck the last dollar from your account. You will not make money until you do your own analysis and ignore all external influences that promise you success, but in fact exist only to make money for themselves and not you. The experts on TV hope to establish credibility that they can use to sell their services or get a promotion, the TV station makes money off commercials, the chat room and newsletter people sell their services, and the software company that gives you indicators does so for a fee. No one is going to help you in the long run, so never fool yourself into believing that you can make money with the help of all of those nice people.

  26. Those who talk don’t know and those who know don’t talk. Don’t watch TV or read any news.

  27. If you find that you did not take a couple of Emini trades in a row and they worked, you are likely trading too large a position size. Switch to trading 100 to 300 shares of SPY and swing for at least 20 to 50 cents. Even though you won’t get rich, at least you will make some money and build your confidence. If you think that you can comfortably trade three Emini contracts per trade, then you should trade just one. This will make it much easier for you to take every signal. If you trade three Eminis, you will let many good signals go because you really are comfortable trading only three contracts in the rare case of a perfect signal. You need to be trading a size where you are comfortable with any decent signal and remain comfortable if you lose two or three times in a row. One indicator of this comfort is your ability to take the next trade after those losses. If you feel too uncomfortable and are really waiting for perfection, you are still trading too much volume. Once you start cherry-picking, you are on the path to a blown account. Your emotions are a burden and give an edge to your opponents, as is the case in any competition.

  28. “I don’t care!” That is the most useful mantra. I don’t care if I lose on this trade, because I am trading a small enough size that a loss will not upset me and cloud my judgment. I don’t care what the experts are saying on TV or in the Wall Street Journal. I don’t care what is happening on the 3 and 1 minute charts or on volume or tick charts, and I don’t care about missing all of the wonderful signals that those charts are generating, because if the trades really are good, they will lead to 5 minute signals as well. I don’t care that the market is way overdone and is due for a correction. I don’t care about indicators, especially squiggly lines that show divergences in a huge trend (meanwhile, there has been no trend line break), but I do care about the one chart in front of me and what it is telling me. I also care about following my rules and not allowing any outside influence talk me out of doing what my rules are telling me.

  29. If you are afraid of taking a great trade because your stop would have to be too far, reduce your position size to maybe a quarter of normal so that your total dollar risk is no larger than for your usual trades. You need to get into the “I don’t care” mode to be able to take these trades. By cutting your position size, you can focus on the quality of the setup instead of being preoccupied with the dollars that you can lose if the trade fails. However, first spot a good setup before adopting the “I don’t care” mind-set, because you don’t want to be so apathetic about the dollars that you begin to take weak setups and then go on to lose money.

  30. The market is never certain when it has gone far enough, but it is always certain when it has gone too far. Most reversals require excess before traders believe that the reversal will work. Market inertia can be stopped only by excess.

  31. It is difficult to reverse a position. For most traders, it is far better to exit, even with a loss, and then look for another setup in the new direction.

  32. There are no reliable countertrend patterns so, unless you are a consistently profitable trader, never trade countertrend unless there first has been a strong break of a significant trend line, and the signal is a reasonable setup for an always-in reversal. When you are shorting below that great bear reversal bar in a strong bull trend, far smarter traders are buying with limit orders at the low of your signal bar. When you are buying on a stop above a bull reversal bar in a strong bear trend, smarter traders are shorting exactly where you are buying. Since 80 percent of reversals fail, who do you think is making the money?

  33. Any reversal setup is a good reason to take partial or full profits, but the setup has to be strong if you are considering a countertrend trade. Since 80 percent of reversals fail, it is far better to view each top as the start of a bull flag and each bottom as the start of a bear flag.

  34. Too early is always worse than too late. Since most reversals and breakouts fail, an early entry will likely fail. Since most trends go a long way, entering late is usually still a good trade.

  35. All patterns fail and the failures often fail, and when they do, they create a breakout pullback in the original direction and have a high probability of success.

  36. When you see that one side is suddenly trapped, the reliability of a scalp in the opposite direction goes up. Trapped traders will be forced out as you are getting in, and they will likely wait for more price action before entering again in their original direction, so the only traders left will be in your direction.

  37. Seeing traders getting trapped out of a trade on a stop run is as reliable a signal as seeing them getting trapped in a trade. If the market suddenly runs stops and then resumes its trend, this is a reliable setup for at least a scalper’s profit.

  38. Wait. If the market has not given any signals for 30 to 60 minutes and you find yourself checking your e-mail or talking on the phone with your daughter away at college, and suddenly the market makes a large bull trend bar that breaks out of a trading range, wait. You’ve lost touch with the market and it is trying to trap you in. Never make a quick decision to place a trade, especially on a sudden, large trend bar. If it turns into a great trade and you miss it, you will still be ahead overall because the odds are against you when you take trades under these circumstances. Yes, some will be winners, but if you review all of the times that you took these trades, you will discover that you lost money.

  39. You don’t have to trade. You goal as a trader is to make money, not to make trades, so take a trade only when it will help you achieve your goal. There will be many other signals all day long, so wait for a good one, and don’t be upset when you miss good trades. Many beginners want excitement and tend to overtrade. Many great traders find trading to be lonely and boring, but very profitable. Everyone wants to trade, but you should want to make money more than you want to trade. You should take only trades that are likely to make money, not simply relieve your tension from not having placed a trade in an hour or two.

  40. Simple is better. You don’t need indicators, and you should look at only one chart. If you can’t make money off a single chart with no indicators, adding more things to analyze will just make it more difficult. Also, trade only the very best setups until you are consistently profitable. The single biggest problem with using two charts is that there is a natural tendency to take only signals that occur simultaneously on both charts, which rarely happens. You end up rejecting most of the day’s great signals because the second chart does not have a signal or the signal occurred two ticks earlier. For example, if you see a great high 2 pullback to the exponential moving average in a bull trend on the 5 minute chart and then look at the 2 or 3 minute chart and see that it gave an entry two ticks earlier, you might not take the 5 minute entry because you will be afraid that the move will stop at the 2 minute scalper’s target and never reach the 5 minute target.

  41. Decide whether this is a hobby or a job. If it is a hobby, find another one because this one will be too expensive and it is dangerously addictive. All great traders are likely trading addicts, but most trading addicts will likely end up broke.

  42. Begin trading using a 5 minute chart, entering on a pullback and using a stop order for your entry. When the market is in a bull trend, look to buy above a bull bar at the moving average. When it is in a bear trend, look to short below a bear bar at the moving average. Take some or all off on a limit order at a profit target around the prior extreme of the trend, and then move the protective stop to breakeven on any remaining contracts.

  43. When starting out, you should consider trading the SPY instead of the Emini. One Emini is virtually identical to 500 SPY shares, and trading 200 to 500 SPY shares would allow you to scale out as you swing part of your trade, yet not incur much risk. Once you reach 1,000 to 1,500 SPY shares, if you are thinking that you will continue to increase your position size, then switch to the Emini. At that size, you can scale out of the Emini and you can increase your position size tremendously without slippage being a significant issue.

  44. Buy low and sell high, except in a clear and strong trend (see Part I in book 1 on trends). In a bull trend, buy high 2 setups even if they are at the high of the day; in a bear trend, sell low 2 setups. However, the market is in a trading range for the vast majority of the time. For example, if the market has been going up for a few bars and there is now a buy signal near the top of this leg up, ask yourself if you believe that the market is in one of the established clear and strong bull trend patterns described in these books. If you cannot convince yourself that it is, don’t buy high, even if the momentum looks great, since the odds are great that you will be trapped. Remember Warren Buffett’s version of the old saw, “Be afraid when others are greedy and be greedy when others are afraid.”

  45. The two most important feelings for the media and for beginners are fear and greed. Profitable traders feel neither. For them, the two most important feelings are uncertainty (confusion) and urgency, and they use both to make money. Every bar and every segment of every market is either a trend or a trading range. When a trader is certain, the market is in a strong trend. When he feels a sense of urgency, like he wants to buy as the market is going up (or short as it is going down) but is desperate for a pullback, the market is in a strong trend. He will buy at least a small position at the market instead of waiting for a pullback.

  46. When a trader is uncertain or confused, the market is in a trading range and he should only buy low and sell high. If he wants to take many trades, only scalp. Uncertainty means that the market has a lot of two-sided trading and therefore might be forming a trading range. Since most breakout attempts fail, it is better to only look to short if you are uncertain and the market is up for five to 10 bars, and only look for longs when it is down for five to 10 bars.

  47. When there is a trading range, buy low means that if the market is near the bottom of the range and you are short, you can buy back your short for a profit, and if there is a strong buy signal, you can buy to initiate a long. Likewise, when the market is toward the top of the range, you sell high. This selling can be to take your profit on your long, or, if there is a good short setup, you can sell to initiate a short position.

  48. Good fill, bad trade. Always be suspicious if the market lets you in or out at a price that is better than you anticipated. The corollary of bad fill, good trade is not as reliable.

  49. The first hour or two is usually the easiest time to make money, because the swings tend to be large and there are not many doji bars. The first hour is the easiest time to lose money as well, because you are overly confident about how easy it might be, and you don’t follow your rules carefully. The first hour usually has many reversals, so patiently wait for a swing setup, which will generally have less than a 50 percent chance of success but a potential reward that is at least twice as large as the risk. Experienced traders can scalp. If you don’t follow your rules and are in the red, you’ve missed the easiest time of the day to make money, which means that you will be unhappy all day as you hope to get back to breakeven in trading that is much slower and less profitable.

  50. If you are down on the day and you are now in the second half of the day, it can feel like you are swimming in quicksand—the harder you try to get out, the deeper you sink. Even great traders simply fail to connect emotionally with the flow of the market some days and they will occasionally lose, even though a printout of the 5 minute chart at the end of the day will be shockingly clear. The smartest thing to do is just make sure that you follow your rules into the close, and you will likely win back some of your losses. The worst thing to do is to modify your trading style, which is probably why you are down on the day. Don’t increase your position size and start trading lower-probability setups. If you have an approach that makes you money, stick with it and you will earn back your loss tomorrow. Using a different approach will only cost you more.

  51. Beginners should avoid trading in the middle of the day when the market is in the middle of a day’s range, especially if the moving average is relatively flat and the trading range is tight and has prominent tails (barbwire). When you are about to take any trade, always ask yourself if the setup is one of the best of the day. Is this the one that the institutions have been waiting for all day? If the answer is no and you are not a consistently profitable trader, then you should not take the trade, either.

  52. A tight trading range is the worst environment for entering on stops. The institutions are doing the opposite, and you will consistently lose if you insist on trading, hoping that a trend is about to begin.

  53. A tight trading range trumps everything. That means that it is more important than every good reason that you have to buy or sell. Unless you are a great trader, once you sense that a tight trading range might be forming, force yourself to not take any trades, even if you don’t trade for hours.

  54. Every bar and every series of bars is either a trend or a trading range. Pick one. Decide on the always-in direction and trade only in that direction until it changes. Throughout the day and especially around 8:30 a.m. PST, you need to be deciding whether the day resembles any trend pattern described in these books. If it does and you are looking to take any trade, you must take every with-trend trade. Never consider taking a countertrend trade if you haven’t been taking all of the with-trend trades.

  55. The best signal bars are trend bars in the direction of your trade. Doji bars are one-bar trading ranges and therefore usually terrible signal bars. You will usually lose if you buy above a trading range or sell below one.

  56. Most countertrend setups fail, and most with-trend setups succeed. Do the math and decide which you should be trading. Trends constantly form great-looking countertrend setups and lousy-looking with-trend setups. If you trade countertrend, you are gambling and, although you will often win and have fun, the math is against you and you will slowly but surely go broke. Countertrend setups in strong trends almost always fail and become great with-trend setups, especially on the 1 minute chart.

  57. You will not make consistent money until you stop trading countertrend scalps. You will win often enough to keep you trying to improve your technique, but over time your account will slowly disappear. Remember, your risk will likely have to be as large as your profit target, so it will usually take six winners just to get back to breakeven after four losses, and this is a very depressing prospect. Realistically, you should scalp only if you can win 60 percent of the time, and most traders should avoid any trade where the potential reward is not at least as large as the risk. Beginners should scalp only with the trend, if at all.

  58. Until you are consistently profitable, take only trades where your potential reward is at least as large as your risk. If you need to risk two points in the Emini, do not take your profit until you have at least two points. Most traders should not scalp for a reward that is smaller than the risk, because they will lose money even if they win on 60 percent of their trades. Remember the trader’s equation. The chance of winning times your potential reward has to be significantly greater than the chance of losing times your risk. You cannot risk two points to make one point and hope to make a profit unless you are right at least 80 percent of the time, and very few traders are that good.

  59. The trader’s equation has three variables, and any setup with a positive result is a good trade. This can be a trade with a high probability of success and a reward only equal to the risk, one with a low probability of success and a huge reward relative to risk, or anything in between.

  60. Experienced traders can scale into (or out of) trades to improve their trader’s equation. For example, the initial entry might have a relatively low probability of success, but subsequent entries might have significantly higher probabilities, improving the trader’s equation for the entire position.

  61. You will not make money until you start trading with-trend pullbacks.

  62. You will not make money trading reversals until you wait for a break of a significant trend line and then for a strong reversal bar on a test of the trend’s extreme.

  63. You will not make money unless you know what you are doing. Print out the 5 minute Emini chart every day (and stock charts, if you trade stocks) and write on the chart every setup that you see. When you see several price action features, write them all on the chart. Do this every day for years until you can look at any part of any chart and instantly understand what is happening.

  64. You will not make money in the long term until you know enough about your personality to find a trading style that is compatible. You need to be able to follow your rules comfortably, allowing you to enter and exit trades with minimal or no uncertainty or anxiety. Once you have mastered a method of trading, if you feel stress while trading, then you haven’t yet found either your style or yourself.

  65. You will not make money if you lose your discipline and take risky trades in the final couple of hours that you would never take in the first couple of hours. You will invariably give back those earnings from earlier in the day that fooled you into thinking that you are a better trader than you really are.

  66. You are competing against computers. They have the edge of speed, so it is usually best not to trade during a report, because that is when their speed edge is greatest. They also have the edge of not being emotional, so don’t trade when you are upset or distracted. Third, they have the edge of never getting tired, so don’t trade when you are worn out, which often happens at the end of the day.

  67. Always look for two legs. Also, when the market tries to do something twice and fails both times, that is a reliable signal that it will likely succeed in doing the opposite.

  68. Never cherry-pick, because you will invariably pick enough rotten cherries to end up a loser. The good trades catch you by surprise and are easy to miss, and you are then left with the not-so-good trades and the bad trades. Either swing trade and look to take only the best two or three of the best setups of the day or scalp and take every valid setup. The latter, however, is the more difficult alternative and is only for people with very unusual personalities (even more unusual than the rest of us traders!).

  69. Finding winners is easy, but avoiding losers is hard. The key to success is avoiding the losers. There can be far more winners each day than losers, but a few losers can ruin your day, so learn to spot them in advance and avoid them. Most occur: in the middle of the range with weak setup bars, like small dojis with closes in the middle; when you are entering a possible reversal too early (remember, when in doubt, wait for the second entry); when you are in denial of a trend and think that it has gone too far so you start taking 1 or 3 minute reversal entries, which turn into great with-trend setups when they fail (as they invariably will); or, when a very credible, well-credentialed technical analyst from a top firm proclaims on TV that the bottom is in, and you then only see buy setups, which invariably fail because the expert in fact is an idiot who cannot trade (if he could, he would be trading and not proclaiming).

  70. If you are in a trade and it is not doing what you expected, should you get out? Look at the market and pretend that you are flat. If you think that you would put that trade on at this moment, stay in your position. If not, get out.

  71. Do not scalp when you should swing, and do not swing when you should scalp. Until you are consistently profitable, you should keep your trading as simple as possible and swing just one to three trades a day, and do not scalp. To scalp successfully, you usually have to risk about as much as you stand to gain, and that requires that you win on more than 60 percent of your trades. You cannot hope to do that until you are a consistently profitable trader.

  72. If you find that you frequently take swing trades, but quickly convert them to scalps, you will probably lose money. When you take a swing trade, you are willing to accept a lower probability of success, but to make money on a scalp, you need a very high probability of success. Similarly, if you take scalps, but consistently exit early with a profit that is smaller than your risk, you will lose money. If you cannot stop yourself from following your plan, simply rely on your bracket orders and walk away for about an hour after you enter.

  73. If you lost money last month, do not trade any reversals. If seven of the past 10 bars are mostly above the moving average, do not look to short. Instead, only look to buy. If seven of the past 10 bars are mostly below the moving average, do not look to buy. Instead, only look to short.

  74. Beginners should take only the best trades. It is difficult to watch a screen for two or three hours at a time and not place a trade, but this is the best way for beginners to make money.

  75. Discipline is the most important characteristic of winning traders. Trading is easy to understand, but difficult to do. It is very difficult to follow simple rules, and even occasional self-indulgences can mean the difference between success and failure. Anyone can be as mentally tough as Tiger Woods for one shot, but few can be that tough for an entire round, and then be that way for a round every day of their lives. Everyone knows what mental toughness and discipline are and can be mentally tough and disciplined in some activities every day, but few truly appreciate just how extreme and unrelenting you have to be to be a great trader. Develop the discipline to take only the best trades. If you cannot do it for an entire day, force yourself to do it for the first hour of every day, and as you increase your position size, you might find that this is all you need to be a successful trader.

  76. The second most important trait of great traders is the ability to do nothing for hours at a time. Don’t succumb to boredom and let it convince you that it’s been too long since the last trade.

  77. Work on increasing your position size rather than on the number of trades or the variety of setups that you use. You only need to make two points in the Eminis a day to do well (50 contracts at two points a day is seven figures a year).

  78. If you perfect the skills of trading, you can make more money than you could ever have imagined possible, and you will have the ability to live your dreams.

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没扳机的枪是响不了的——入场要有信号的支持

Trigger Control

  • 主要内容
    • 日线交易要有日线级别K线信号的支持。
    • 即使是回撤入场,也要在入场信号出现之后。

下图中大部分时间中,市场是一个盘整的区间。区间中,只有底部才有进场可能性。由于这个区间太窄了,空间不够,所以区间突破前,任何进场都不是明智的选择。

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区间终究是要被突破的。一个狭长的区间,往往意味着一次有力的突破。棒19开始的尖峰呈现出了很强的力量,几根K显得阳线实体互不重叠,直接突破了前期狭窄的盘整区间。毫无疑问,这次突破是有效的。随后的回踩也是很理想的Pullback形态,力量不强,斜率不大,回踩放缓。一切都顺风顺水,价格在回踩测试棒9的前高。

这个时候,也许会有交易者会按耐不住,难免开始手痒、心急,着急入场,于是被套。价格没有获得任何有效的支撑,直接去测试区间底部了。

事后用上帝视角看,做多当然是错误的。固然,没有任何交易架构拥有100%的胜率,但很多亏损都是可以避免的。上面就是一例。开仓入场要依靠入场信号。具体的入场信号之于交易者,如同发令枪之于运动员。一个运动员,如果不等发令枪响,总是抢跑,不说犯规与否,单是一次次的体力消耗也能在枪响之前就让运动员气力全无。交易也是一样,不等信号直接入场,账户里的资金就会像运动员体内的爆发力,提前无谓消耗,待到有效的信号出现,早已没劲了。

这个图中,尽管盘整-突破-回踩几个大的架构都有,但最后的扳机不存在。回踩中,从日线看没有任何明确的入场信号。如果把回踩看作一个微型的下降趋势,那么趋势线完全没有被突破。棒22的前一棒很关键。如果这一棒不收阴线,而是形成一个下影线较长的Pinbar,K线振幅适中,收盘价又能回到前一棒的阳线实体内,参考之前大的架构,将行程一个非常理想的入场机会。但是,在这个案例中,这个入场信号不存在。棒23的大阴线宣告了做多计划的彻底破产。

这把枪再好看,没有扳机,也注定响不了。端着没有板机的枪打猎,流血是唯一的结果。

总结两句话:

  • 日线交易要有日线级别K线信号的支持。
  • 即使是回撤入场,也要在入场信号出现之后。

读到这里再看一遍图,会不会有了些新的发现?

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文后再说几句。根据Al Brooks的分析,这里还有另一层分析。棒14开始,价格从区间的底部向上形成了三推。棒20前一棒是一个拥有上影线的阳线。上影线很长的K线出现在三推形态中,交易者们会预期后面一棒会再次测试影线顶点。三推中,价格达到影线顶点,顺势刮头皮者会平多,逆势刮头皮者会开空,空方力量会增强,回踩即将展开。——日内五分钟线的交易里及时做出这些分析,需要多年的经验积累和高度集中的注意力。

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孤证不立——交易中的“决斗线”

梁启超在谈及清代正统考据时曾说到“孤证不立”原则:

孤证不为定说。其无反证者姑存之,得有续证则渐信之,遇有力之反证则弃之。——梁启超

翻译成白话:

单独的依据不能做数。如果(单独的)依据没有反证,那么就先放着;如果有了后续的辅证,则可以更多的认可一些;如果有了强有力的反证,则直接抛弃。

无独有偶,交易中也有“决斗线”一说,一个较为长期的交易依据(常常是趋势线、支撑阻力位等)和一个较为短期的交易依据(楔形、三推等各种小周期的形态)在一个很小的区间内交叉,这时候形成的交易信号从长期、短期的角度看都有意义——这就是所谓的“决斗”。“决斗”的本质是双重验证。“孤证不立”,两个不同角度、不同逻辑的依据相互验证,命中率可以有效地提升。

1

Al Brooks的书中有两个比较典型的例子。

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如上图,注意数字3、4、5之间的形态。无论我们把它当做一个旗形还是通道还是盘整,这都无所谓。棒5 overshoot了之前的通道线——这是第一个信号。1–5的横线是第二个信号,提示了一个双重底。这是第二个信号。其实这个图里还有没有标记的第三重“决斗”:棒3前面几棒形成一个底,棒5假突破了一下。当然,单纯看棒5及其前面的1棒,并列的两个长下影线本身也是更小周期中的一个双重底,这可能是第四个依据了。

有了这几重验证,棒5就是一个可靠的做多信号了。尽管前面是密密麻麻的重叠K线,出现强多头趋势的可能并不大,但一个1:1的交易空间还是存在的。“决斗线”有效提升了胜率,交易者方程依然是好的。

再看第二个例子。

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棒1形成了双棒反转形态,overshoot了小图中的下跌尖峰通道线。这是第一个信号。同时,overshoot了当日开盘后低点的通道线(204–205位置趋势线的平行线)和更早低点引出的通道线(5月9日早晨开盘后的低点起)。

目测一下,如果以上面的趋势线(短线)为目标位,回报比大概在2倍略少。胜率如果能在40%以上,期望就是正的。考虑到有三重验证的因素,胜率至少50%以上,交易是可行的。当然,这个例子中有一点不足,“决斗”的逻辑是同一个,全部都是趋势通道线的overshoot。如果可以用其他的逻辑予以验证,胜率可以进一步提高。

2

看一下实盘。

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铁矿主连,2015年下半年。417这个反转棒同时涉及到了长期下降通道的趋势线、前期支撑阻力区间、反弹旗形的通道线三重“决斗”,决斗逻辑各不相同,时间周期错配。这就是更可靠的情况了。

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白糖1701,2016年5月。箭头处的反转棒背靠前期的支撑阻力区,同时与通道的趋势线“决斗”。同时,还有均线辅助验证。这也是一个胜率较高的入场。第一目标位即使设在前高,空间也可以达到1.5倍,考虑到大于50%的胜率,交易可行。

3

一个失败的验证即足以证伪,但是不论多少肯定的例子都不足以证实。——索罗斯

把握“孤证不立”原则可以提升胜率,但交易中没有必然。无论多少证据验证,无论有多大的把握,交易的胜率都永远不会是100%。

每一个交易者都要牢记:无论“决斗”多么热闹,永远不要重仓,更不要满仓。小心假设,小心求证,小心开仓,尽量站在确定性的一遍,小心地去赌、去赢。

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不要在较小时间框架上寻找反转

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时间会改变风险,风险的本质由时间的范围来塑造:未来就是赌场。 ——《与天为敌:风险探索传奇》

这几天观察工业品的价格变化。一轮暴涨之后一轮急跌,这几天出现了止跌的迹象。

螺纹钢的价格变动最具有迷惑性。昨天的大阴线揭开了谜底。

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铁矿石就清晰多了,还是弱。

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橡胶前期持续多年的下跌力量更强,没什么像样的反弹。但七八个交易日前的日线反转组合像模像样,单看k线,也有些诱人。

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盘面显示,很多人在参与这几天工业品的反转。后续如何运动我们不知道,但昨天的一根大阴线显示,价格向下运动的力量依然很强。

正巧,今天读 Al Brooks,看到了一个类似的形态。

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这副图表的标题是——“不要在较小时间框架图表上寻找反转”。

为什么“不要在较小时间框架图表上寻找反转”?

交易要做到“量、价、时、空”四个要素的统一。除了常见的价格和成交量,还要有时间和空间的配合。从时间上看,这一轮的下跌持续了一个多月的时间,所谓的“反转”、“反弹”,也就是几个交易日。几天对比几周,时间上不足以形成反转。从空间上看,这一轮的下跌幅度是这几天振幅的多倍,空间上完全不成比例。即使仅仅看价格,下跌的日线形态很强,力道十足。这几天的“反转”也要,“见底”也好,都是难以与之对抗的。因此,无论从什么角度看看,“反转”都没有凑齐成立的理由。

技术上,反转有很多必要的条件。在展开具体的技术分析前,稳定的时间框架是一个基本前提。 Al Brooks 在书里反复强调,不能弄混不同的时间框架。交易员不能因为先验的立场就用更小的时间框架去寻找入场的理由。弄混了时间框架,找到的理由大多是本不存在的。附会出来的入场“依据”,其本质都是“打哪指哪”、“自说自话”,不具备现实价值。

“时间能治愈一切。”在交易中,唯有时间能够消化、反转暴涨暴跌。一切反转,都需要反复的震荡、筑底、尝试、证伪。脱离了稳定、统一的时间框架,技术分析的可靠性无从谈起。毕竟,未来就是赌场 ——时间会改变风险,风险的本质由时间的范围来塑造。

Al Brooks 有一个经典的公式“大幅上涨+大幅下跌=大的混乱=交易区间”。区间的宿命是被突破。问题是,我们能不能等到下一个趋势来临之前,少流血,甚至不流血。——这是每一个趋势交易者的毕生功课。

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